NTSB

The passenger’s inadvertent brake application during landing, which resulted in a nose-over.

A loss of engine power for reasons that could not be determined based on the available information.

The non-instrument-rated pilot’s decision to fly into instrument meteorological conditions, which resulted in spatial disorientation, a loss of control, and a subsequent impact with terrain.

The airplane’s impact with a deer on the runway during takeoff.

The pilot’s selection of unsuitable terrain for an off-airport precautionary landing, which resulted in impact with a fence and a nose-over.

A partial loss of engine power due to a stuck exhaust valve and the flight instructor’s exceedance of the airplane’s critical angle of attack following the loss of power, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall at low altitude.

The pilot’s loss of airplane control due to his failure to maintain appropriate control inputs and airspeed after shutting down an engine because of a progressive failure of the pressure relief valve in the fuel pump, which resulted in variable fuel pressure in the engine. Contributing to the loss of control was the pilot’s use of multiple impairing medications.

The pilot’s improper brake application during the landing roll, which resulted in a nose-over. Contributing to the accident was the pilot’s lack of recent experience using heel brakes.

The pilot’s failure to accurately assess the available runway for the takeoff, which resulted in impact with a gravel berm.